Mouse treatment

The effects of experimental treatments and genetic interventions (gene knockout) on the course of infection and pathology in murine malaria models are listed in this part of the database. For each molecule, data about the genetic background of the mouse strain (and number of backcrosses), parasite species, inoculum size (pRBC), details of the treatment/knockout, effect on parasitemia, pathology and survival, additional data of the effects of the treatments (e.g. on expression of other factors), references (Refs), and a hyperlink to the original paper in the PubMed database (U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) is included.

Dynamic fields: these are the columns that you can select to show in the output table. See also "How to use MalarImDB?" for more information.

Abbreviations: ALI, acute lung injury; anti-…; treatment with depleting antibodies; CM, experimental cerebral malaria (when indicated the incidence is included between brackets, e.g. CM (100%) means that 100% of the mice suffered from cerebral pathology); EG, experimental group; HP&A, hyperparasitemia and anemia; i.p., intraperitoneal administration; MA-ARDS, malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome; N.I., not indicated; p.o., oral administration; r, recombinant; R, receptor; s, soluble; ♂ male mice; ♀ female mice; -/-, gene knockout mice; +, and/positive (example1: rIL-1a + anti-IFN-g: mice were treated with recombinant IL-1a and antibodies to deplete IFN-g; example2: CD4+ T cells, CD4 positive T cells); ↑, increased; ↓, decreased; ~, on average

Molecule/Cell

Plasmodium strain

Experimental treatment group (EG)

Dynamic Fields

Molecule/Cell	Plasmodium strain	Mouse genetic background (Con)	Experimental treatment group (EG)	Lethal infection (Con)	Lethal infection (EG)	Pathology (Con)	Pathology (EG)	Parasitemia (EG vs Con)	Additional phenotypes (EG vs Con)	Refs	PubMed
a4 integrin chain	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	CBA/Ca	anti-a4 integrin	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (100%)	Similar	N.I.	Falanga et al., 1991, Eur J Immunol	Link
ab T cell	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	129/Sv x C57BL/6	ab TCR -/-	yes	yes	CM (53%)	No CM	Similar	N.I.	Boubou et al., 1999, Int Immunol	Link
ab T cell	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6J	b TCR -/-	yes	yes	CM	No CM	N.I.	N.I.	Reimer et al., 2010, Eur J Immunol	Link
ab T cell	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6J	b TCR -/- + adoptive transfer of a mixture of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from WT or Nlrp3-/- mice	yes	yes	CM	CM (33%)	N.I.	N.I.	Reimer et al., 2010, Eur J Immunol	Link
ABCA1	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	DBA/1	ABCA1 -/-	yes	yes	CM (88%)	No CM	Similar	Prolonged survival (1-2 weeks); ↓ plasma TNF-a; ↓ ICAM-1, VCAM-1, LFA-1, CD41/CD61 and TNF-a protein in the brain; similar CD40 protein in the brain; ↓ leukocyte sequestration in brain vessels; ↓ plasma HDL cholesterol; ↓ MP production due to ↓ response to vesiculation agonists; ↓ procoagulant activity by MP	Combes et al., 2005, Am J Pathol	Link
Apo-AI	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	129/Ola x C57BL/6J	Apo-AI -/-	yes	yes	CM (85%)	CM (100%)	N.I.	↓ plasma HDL cholesterol	Combes et al., 2005, Am J Pathol	Link
Arachidonic acid	Plasmodium berghei K173	C57BL/6J	fish oil (structural analog of arachidonic acid)	yes	yes	CM (95%)	CM (31.5%)	Decreased	N.I.	Blok et al., 1992, J Infect Dis	Link
ASC	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	N.I.	ASC -/-	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (100%)	N.I.	N.I.	Reimer et al., 2010, Eur J Immunol	Link
B cells	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6 x 129	µ-chain -/- (µ-MT )	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (75%)	N.I.	N.I.	Yañez et al., 1996, J Immunol	Link
B cells	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6 x 129	JH-gene segment -/- (JHD -/-)	yes	yes	CM (89%)	CM (26%)	N.I.	N.I.	Yañez et al., 1996, J Immunol	Link
B cells	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	m-BCR -/- (m-MT)	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Developed a chronic low parasitemia (1-10%)	Similar precursor frequencies of CD4+ T cells able to proliferate in response to malarial antigens; CD4+ T cells were still of a predominant IFN-g (Th1) phenotype at the later stages of infection (no switch toward a IL-4 (Th2) phenotype); parasite clearance after adoptive transfer (in the chronic phase) of B cells which restores the Th2 response	Langhorne et al., 1998, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	Link
B cells	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	m-BCR -/- (m-MT)	no	25%	N.I.	N.I.	Developed a chronic low parasitemia (1-10%)	↑ gd T cells in the spleen 35 days p.i.; no ↓ in the % of splenic IFN-g-producing gd T cells 3-4 weeks p.i.; ↓ % of splenic IL-4-producing gd T cells	Seixas et al., 1999, J Immunol	Link
B cells	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	m-BCR -/- (m-MT)	no	30-40 %	N.I.	N.I.	No parasite clearance	↑ gd T cells and similar Mac-1+ cells in spleen	Seixas et al., 2002, Parasite Immunol	Link
B cells	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	NIH	anti-m-chain from birth (no B cells)	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Developed a chronic low parasitemia (~1%)	No parasite-specific antibodies; no serum antibody of any Ig isotype detected; reconstitution with B cells restored parasite clearance	Taylor-Robinson et al., 1996, Infect Immun	Link
B cells	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	m-BCR -/- (m-MT)	no	♂ 71 %; ♀ 37 %	N.I.	N.I.	Increased recrudescences and no parasite clearance in 40 days	No resistance to a secondary infection; parasite clearance after adoptive transfer (in the chronic phase) of B cells (full clearance) or immune serum (partial clearance) from immune donors; ↑ gd T cells and similar Mac-1+ cells in spleen; gd T cells returned to normal levels after parasite clearance (adoptive transfer of B cells, chloroquine treatment)	Von der Weid et al., 1996, J Immunol	Link
B cells	Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL	BALB/cAnN	anti-m-chain from birth (no B cells)	10%	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Increased without clearance	N.I.	Weinbaum et al., 1976, J Immunol	Link
B cells/gd T cells	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	129/Sv x C57BL/6	m-MT x d -/- TCR	no	25%	N.I.	N.I.	Developed a high persistent parasitemia (10-30%)	N.I.	Seixas et al., 1999, J Immunol	Link
B cells/gd T cells	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	m-BCR -/- (m-MT) + anti-gd TCR	no	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	Increased peak and developed a high, persistent parasitemia (around 20%)	Anti-gd antibody caused slightly higher peak and significantly higher persistent parasitemia compared to control treated m-MT mice	Seixas et al., 1999, J Immunol	Link
B cells/IFN-g	Plasmodium chabaudi adami 556KA	JHD-/- (no B cells)	JHD-/- (no B cells) + anti-IFN-g	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Persistent high parasitemia	N.I.	Van der heyde et al., 1997, Exp Parasitol	Link
B/C2	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	129/Sv	H2-Bf/C2 -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Slightly delayed and slightly increased peak	↑serum IFN-g 6, 8 and 9 days p.i.	Taylor et al., 2001, Infect Immun	Link
b2 integrin (CD18)	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6J	CD18 -/-	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	↑ LN cellularity; similar splenomegaly; no significant apoptosis in white pulp (spleen) and LN	Piguet et al. 2001, Dev Immunol	Link
Bcl-2	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	over-expression of bcl-2 in myeloid cells (hMRP8-Bcl-2 mice)	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (100%)	N.I.	Similar number of TUNEL-positive cells in the brain	Helmers et al., 2008, Am J Trop Med Hyg	Link
C1q	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	129/Sv	C1qa -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Slightly delayed and slightly increased peak	↑ parasitemia during secondary infection; similar Ab responses during primary infection; ↓ parasite-spec IgG2a 100 days p.i.; ↑ parasite-spec IgM and IgG2a after second challenge (120 days p.i.); ↑serum IFN-g 5, 7 and 9 days p.i.; no difference in IFN-g and IL-4 producing CD4+ T cells or precursor frequenties	Taylor et al., 2001, Infect Immun	Link
C3aR	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	129/SvJ x C57BL/6	C3aR -/-	yes	yes	CM	CM	N.I.	N.I.	Ramos et al., 2011, J Immunol	Link
C3aR/C5aR	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	129 x C57BL/6	C3aR -/- + C5aR -/-	yes	yes	CM	CM	N.I.	N.I.	Ramos et al., 2011, J Immunol	Link
C5	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	C5 -/-	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (<10%)	N.I.	↓ serum TNF and IL-6; ↓ brain CD8+ T cells	Ramos et al., 2011, J Immunol	Link
C5a	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	B10.D2/nSnJ	anti-C5a	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (25%)	N.I.	N.I.	Patel et al., 2008, J Exp Med	Link
C5a	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	12.5% DNA from A/J mice (including the C5 mutant gene) (= BcA76)	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (90%)	Similar	Slightly reduced CM incidence and survival	Patel et al., 2008, J Exp Med	Link
C5a	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	A/J	12.5% DNA from C57BL/6 mice (including the C5 WT gene) (= AcB55)	yes	yes	Delayed CM	CM (100%)	Similar	Accelerated development of CM	Patel et al., 2008, J Exp Med	Link
C5aR	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	B10.D2/nSnJ	anti-C5aR	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (25%)	N.I.	N.I.	Patel et al., 2008, J Exp Med	Link
C5aR	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	129 x C57BL/6	C5aR -/-	yes	yes	CM (~90%)	CM (~80%)	N.I.	N.I.	Ramos et al., 2011, J Immunol	Link
C9	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	anti-C9	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (~80%)	N.I.	Delayed onset of CM	Ramos et al., 2011, J Immunol	Link
Caspase-1	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6 x 129/S2SvPas	Casp1 -/-	yes	yes	CM (55%)	CM (60%)	Similar	Similar serum IL-1b 10 days p.i.; similar mRNA expression of TNF-a, IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1 in the brain 10 days p.i.	Labbé et al., 2010, J Immunol	Link
Caspase-1	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	N.I.	Caspase-1 -/-	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (100%)	N.I.	N.I.	Reimer et al., 2010, Eur J Immunol	Link
Caspase-1	Plasmodium chabaudi AS	C57BL/6 x 129/S2SvPas	Casp1 -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	Similar serum IFN-g, TNF-a, IL-10; similar serum IgG1 and IgG2a 21 days p.i.; ↓ serum IL-18 6-7 days p.i.; similar anemia and weight loss; similar production of IFN-g, IL-10 and IL-1b by splenocytes after stimulation with pRBCs	Labbé et al., 2010, J Immunol	Link
Caspase-12	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	Casp12 -/-	yes	yes	CM (55%)	CM (90%)	Similar	↑ serum IL-1b 10 days p.i.; ↑ mRNA expression of TNF-a, IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1 in the brain 10 days p.i.	Labbé et al., 2010, J Immunol	Link
Caspase-12	Plasmodium chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	Casp12 -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Decreased peak and decreased recrudescences	↓ weight loss at the peak of infection; ↑ serum IFN-g 5-7 days p.i., ↑ serum TNF-a and IL-10 6 days p.i. and ↑ serum IL-18 7 days p.i.; similar serum IgG1 and ↑ IgG2a 21 days p.i.; ↑ production of IFN-g, TNF-a, IL-10 and IL-1b by splenocytes after stimulation with pRBCs for 48h; similar liverpathology 10 days p.i. (serum ALT, liver necrosis and inflammation); similar pro-IL-1b mRNA expression in the spleen 6 days p.i.; ↑ caspase-1 activation in BMDMs after stimulation with pRBCs; similar IkBa and ↑Bcl-xl, cox-2 protein in the spleen 7 days p.i.;	Labbé et al., 2010, J Immunol	Link
Caspase-12/caspase-1	Plasmodium chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	Casp12 -/- + selective caspase-1 inhibitor (YVAD)	No	No	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	Similar serum IgG1 and ↑ IgG2a 21 days p.i. (similar compared to untreated infected casp12 -/- mice)	Labbé et al., 2010, J Immunol	Link
Caspase-12/IFN-g	Plasmodium chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	Casp12 -/- + anti-IFN-g	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	Similar serum IgG2a 21 days p.i. (↓ compared to untreated infected casp12 -/- mice)	Labbé et al., 2010, J Immunol	Link
Caspase-12/IKK	Plasmodium chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	Casp12 -/- + IKK inhibitor	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	Similar serum IgG2a 21 days p.i. (↓ compared to untreated infected casp12 -/- mice)	Labbé et al., 2010, J Immunol	Link
caspases	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	caspase inhibitor (ZVAD-fmk)	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (100%)	N.I.	The inhibitor does not cross the BBB, making it difficult to prevent neuronal apoptosis	Helmers et al., 2008, Am J Trop Med Hyg	Link
caspases	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6J	caspase inhibitor (ZVAD-fmk)	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM(~65 %)	Similar	↓ thrombocytopenia and ↓ microparticles in plasma	Piguet et al., 2002, Apoptosis	Link
Catecholamines	Plasmodium berghei Pasteur	Swiss -44	phenoxybenzamine (alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist)	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	Protects against pulmonary edema, although significance was not reached	Cordeiro et al., 1984, Experiencia	Link
CCR2	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6 x 129/Ola	CCR2 -/-	yes	yes	CM (70%)	CM (100%)	Similar	↓ macrophages, CD4+ T cell, PMN and similar CD8+ T cells in the brain; depletion of CD8+ T cells, but not of CD4+ T cells or PMNs, rescued these mice from CM	Belnoue et al., 2003, Infect Immun	Link
CCR5	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6 x 129/Ola	CCR5 -/-	yes	yes	CM (70-80%)	CM (20%)	Similar	Prolonged survival (1-3 weeks); similar anemia; no neurologic symptoms; ↓ leukocyte sequestration in brain; no IFN-g and ↓ TNF-a in serum; ↓ incidence of CM (or ↑ incidence) by adoptive transfer of bone marrow from CCR5 -/- (or WT) into irradiated WT (or CCR5 -/-) mice	Belnoue et al., 2003, Blood	Link
CCR5	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	CCR5 -/-	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (100%)	N.I.	CM was delayed for 1 day	Nitcheu et al., 2003, J Immunol	Link
CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1)	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	CBA/Ca	anti-CD11a	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (i.v.0%; i.p.30%)	Similar	Prolonged survival (2-3 weeks: late as well as early treatment, no effect if administered when symptoms were evident); no neurological symptoms; ↑ protection when administered i.v. compared to i.p.; similar mononuclear cell sequestration in the brain (WT: sequestering cells are almost all monocytes or mononuclear phagocytes, only very few T, B cells or neutrophils were observed)	Falanga et al., 1991, Eur J Immunol	Link
CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1)	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	CBA/Ca	anti-CD11a	yes	70% (at the end of observation week 4)	CM (85%)	CM (10%)	Similar	Prolonged survival (2-3 weeks: late as well as early treatment, no effect if administered when symptoms are evident); no neurological symptoms; ↓ serum TNF-a; similar mononuclear cell sequestration in the brain	Grau et al., 1991, Eur J Immunol	Link
CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1)	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	CBA/J	anti-CD11a	yes	yes	CM	No CM	N.I.	↓ platelet sequestration in brain and similar platelet sequestration in lung	Grau et al., 1993, Eur Cytokine Netw	Link
CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1)	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	LFA1 -/-	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (20%)	Similar	N.I.	Ramos et al., 2012, Parasite Immunol	Link
CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1)	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	CBA/Ca	anti-CD11a	yes	yes	CM (85-90%)	N.I.	Similar	Prolonged survival (2-3 weeks: late as well as early treatment); no neurological symptoms; no vascular permeability in brain and ↓vascular permeability in lungs; ↓ mononuclear cell sequestration in brain and lungs; ↓ (brain) and similar (lungs) platelet accumulation; similar microhemorrhages in the brain; ↓ myeloperoxidase activity (neutrophil enzyme) in lungs; similar liver pathology; ↓injected aggregated albumin localization in brain and lungs	Senaldi et al., 1994, Infect Immun	Link
CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1, CR3)	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	CBA/Ca	anti-CD11b	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (100%)	Similar	N.I.	Falanga et al., 1991, Eur J Immunol	Link
CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1, CR3)	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	CBA/Ca	anti-CD11b	yes	yes	CM (85%)	CM (100%)	Similar	N.I.	Grau et al., 1991, Eur J Immunol	Link
CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1, CR3)	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	CBA/J	anti-CD11b	yes	yes	CM	CM	N.I.	Similar platelet sequestration in brain and lung	Grau et al., 1993, Eur Cytokine Netw	Link
CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1, CR3)	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	CR3 -/-	yes	yes	CM (~90%)	CM (~80%)	Increased	N.I.	Ramos et al., 2012, Parasite Immunol	Link
CD11c/CD18 (CR4)	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	CR4 -/-	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (~80%)	Similar	N.I.	Ramos et al., 2012, Parasite Immunol	Link
CD11d/CD18	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	129/Sv x C57BL/6	aD -/-	yes	yes	CM (~75%)	CM (~50%)	Similar	Similar anemia; ↓ serum IL-12p40	Miyazaki et al., 2007, J Immunol	Link
CD134L	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	anti-CD134L (anti-OX89)	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	Less severe weight loss and hypothermia; ↓ serum levels (in vivo) and production of IFN-g and TNF-a by splenocytes (in vitro)	Franklin et al., 2007, Microbes Infect	Link
CD14	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	anti-CD14	yes	no (at the end of observation day 10)	CM (80% at the end of observation day 10)	No CM (at the end of observation day 10)	N.I.	N.I.	Srivastava et al., 2010, PLoS ONE	Link
CD14	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	CD14 -/-	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (100%)	Similar	N.I.	Togbe et al., 2007, Am J Pathol	Link
CD14	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	CD14 -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	Similar hypothermia and weight loss during peak parasitemia; similar TNF-a, IFN-g and MCP-1 production by splenocytes 8 days p.i.; similar serum levels of TNF-a, IFN-g and MCP-1 8 days p.i.	Franklin et al., 2007, Microbes Infect	Link
CD1d-restricted NKT cells	Plasmodium berghei NK65	129/Sv x C57BL/6	CD1d -/-	yes	yes	Liver pathology	Liver pathology	N.I.	Similar serum GPT (ALT) and liver injury	Adachi et al., 2001, J Immunol	Link
CD1d-restricted NKT cells	Plasmodium berghei NK65	129/Sv x C57BL/6	CD1d -/-	yes	yes	Liver pathology	Liver pathology	N.I.	Similar liver injury; similar ↑ in hepatic CD3+NK1.1+ and CD3+DX5+ cells; similar cytotoxicity by hepatic lymphocytes (↑ cytotoxicity by DX5+ enriched cells) against hepatocytes was abrogated after depletion of DX5+ lymphocytes (= DX5+CD1d-unresctricted NKT cells)	Adachi et al., 2004, Int Immunol	Link
CD36	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6 x 129/Sv	CD36 -/- chimeras	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (75%)	Similar	25 % of CD36 -/- chimeras expressing only CD36 in hematopoietic cells had a prolonged survival (2-3 weeks) without neurological symptoms	Cunha-Rodrigues et al., 2007, Malar J	Link
CD36	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6 x 129/Sv	CD36 -/-	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (100%)	Slightly decreased	Similar neurologic symptoms; ↓ schizont sequestration in adipose and lung tissue; no schizont sequestration in brain (similar to WT); ↑ parasite accumulation in spleen (↑ pRBC clearance?); ↑ number of schizonts in peripheral blood	Franke-Fayard et al., 2005, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	Link
CD36	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	CD36 -/-	yes	yes	ALI, CM (100%)	↓ ALI, CM (100%)	Similar	↓ lung pathology: ↓ IgM in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid	Lovegrove et al., 2008, PLoS Pathog	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	anti-CD4 (early treatment)	yes	yes	CM (100%)	No CM	N.I.	No neurological symptoms; prolonged survival	Beghdadi et al., 2008, J Exp Med	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	anti-CD4 (late treatment)	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (100%)	N.I.	N.I.	Belnoue et al., 2003, Infect Immun	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	129P2Sv/Ev	anti-CD4 (late treatment)	yes	yes	CM (60-100%)	No CM	N.I.	N.I.	Belnoue et al., 2008, Parasite Immunol	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	CD4 -/-	yes	yes	CM (53%)	No CM	N.I.	N.I.	Boubou et al., 1999, Int Immunol	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	CBA/Ca, CBA/J	CD4+ T cells from mice with CM (LN derived)	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (100%)	N.I.	More severe brain hemorrhages and earlier mortality when mice received CD4+ T cells from mice dying of CM than from normal mice	Grau et al., 1986, J Immunol	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	CBA/J, CBA/Ca	anti-CD4	yes	yes	CM (79%)	No CM	N.I.	No neurological symptoms; prolonged survival (~ 2 weeks); ↓ serum TNF-a	Grau et al., 1987, Science	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6J	anti-CD4 (early treatment)	yes	yes	CM (94%)	CM (50%)	Similar	N.I.	Hermsen et al., 1997, Parasitology	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	anti-CD4 (early treatment)	yes	yes	CM (87,5%)	No CM	N.I.	No neurological symptoms; prolonged survival	Yañez et al., 1996, J Immunol	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	anti-CD4 (early treatment)	yes	yes	CM (67%)	No CM	N.I.	No neurological symptoms; prolonged survival (~2 weeks)	Yañez et al., 1999, Infect Immun	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	anti-CD4 (late treatment)	yes	yes	CM (67%)	CM (67%)	N.I.	N.I.	Yañez et al., 1999, Infect Immun	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei K173	C57BL/6J	anti-CD4 (early treatment)	yes	yes	CM (91%)	CM (5%)	Similar	N.I.	Hermsen et al., 1997, Parasitology	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei K173	C57BL/10	anti-CD4 (early treatment)	yes	yes	CM (75%)	CM (25%)	Similar	N.I.	Hermsen et al., 1997, Parasitology	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei K173	C57BL/6J	anti-CD4 (late treatment)	yes	yes	CM (91%)	CM (0-12%)	Similar	N.I.	Hermsen et al., 1997, Parasitology	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei NK65	CBA/JNCrj	anti-CD4	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	No prolonged survival	Waki et al., 1992, Immunology	Link
CD4	Plasmodium berghei XAT	CBA/JNCrj	anti-CD4	no	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Increased	No resistance to P. berghei NK65 challenge infection	Waki et al., 1992, Immunology	Link
CD4	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	anti-CD4	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	No parasite clearance in 28 days	Less severe weight loss and hypothermia; ↓ serum levels (in vivo) and production of IFN-g and TNF-a by splenocytes (in vitro); TNF-a serum levels and production by splenocytes remained elevated 4 weeks p.i.	Franklin et al., 2007, Microbes Infect	Link
CD4	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	anti-CD4	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	No detectable serum IFN-g	Meding et al., 1990, Infect Immun	Link
CD4	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6NCrlBR	anti-CD4	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Increased peak and developed a high, persistent parasitemia	High, persistent parasitemia coincided with the high level of reticulocytosis	Podoba et al., 1991, Infect Immun	Link
CD4	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	anti-CD4	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Increased peak and developed a high, persistent parasitemia	Similar parasite-specific IgM early during infection and no IgG; high, persistent parasitemia coincided with the high level of reticulocytosis	Süss et al., 1988, Infect Immun	Link
CD4	Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL	C57BL/6	anti-CD4	no	yes (100%)	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	Additional therapeutic blockade of PD-L1 and LAG-3 did not improve parasite clearance	Butler et al., 2012, Nat Immunol	Link
CD4	Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL	CBA/CaJ	anti-CD4	no	yes	N.I.	N.I.	No parasite clearance	N.I.	Vinetz et al., 1990, J Immunol	Link
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	anti-CD25 (day -1)	yes	yes	CM (90%)	CM (20%)	Reduced on days 5-7	similar results as with anti-CD25 treatment 1 day before infection (see above), thus the protective effect is probably mediated by natural Treg cells and not by inducible Treg cells (although the latter might contribute as well)	Amante et al., 2007, Am J Pathol	Link
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	anti-CD25 (day -14)	yes	yes	CM (100%)	No CM	Reduced on day 5	Prolonged survival (2 weeks) (possible effect of inducible Treg cells??); no neurological symptoms; parasite burden is much higher than estimated by blood smears due to accumulation of parasites in peripheral tissue and vasculature; parasite burden greatly (~10-fold) decreased by anti-CD25; Brain: ↓ pRBC accumulation; similar VCAM-1 and ICAM-1; ↓ CD8+ T cells, ↑ number of macrophages and similar CD4+ T, B, NK, NKT cells, PMN, DC and microglia; similar CD69+CD4+ cells; ↓ CD69+CD8+ T cells; Spleen:↑ CD69+CD4+ and CD69+CD8+ T cells; ↑ IFN-g+ CD4+ and similar IFN-g+CD8+ cells (day 5); similar IFN-g and IL-10 mRNA (day 5); Lymph nodes: CD69+CD4+ and CD69+CD8+ T cells; Blood: ↓ CD69+CD4+ cells; ↓ CD69+CD8+ T cells (no difference between CD69+CD25+ and CD69+CD25- T cells → no depletion of activated CD25+CD4+ or CD25+ CD8+ T cells); ↑ MCP-1, ↓ IL-10 and similar TNF-a and IL-6 (day 5)	Amante et al., 2007, Am J Pathol	Link
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	anti-CD25 (day 4)	yes	yes	CM (80 %)	CM (20%)	Similar	Therapeutic potential of anti-CD25 treatment was lost when initiated after the onset of neurological symptoms	Amante et al., 2007, Am J Pathol	Link
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	BALB/c	anti-CD25 (day -2 and -6h)	yes	yes	No CM	CM (20%)	Similar	↑ splenic CD4+ T cell proliferation and IL-2 production; ↑ parasite-specific T cell proliferation; similar IL-4 and ↑ IFN-g production by splenic T cells; when challenged with a secondary infection, parasitemia was decreased and mortality by CM increased (up to 80 %)	Nie et al., 2007, Infect Immun	Link
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	anti-CD25 (day -14)	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (10%)	Reduced total parasite burden	Prolonged survival (2 weeks); no neurological symptoms	Randall et al., 2008, Infect Immun	Link
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	CBA	anti-CD25 (day -14)	yes	yes	CM (100%)	No CM	Reduced total parasite burden	Prolonged survival (2 weeks); no neurological symptoms	Randall et al., 2008, Infect Immun	Link
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	anti-CD25 (day -30)	yes	yes	CM (80%)	CM (70%)	Similar	50% Foxp3+CD4+ cells on day 0 remain	Vigário et al., 2007, Int J Parasitology	Link
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	anti-CD25 (day - 1 and day 1)	yes	yes	CM (80%)	No CM	Increased on day 7	Inactivation of both regulatory and effector T cells	Vigário et al., 2007, Int J Parasitology	Link
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells	Plasmodium chabaudi adami DK	BALB/c	anti-CD25 (day -1 and +1)	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	↑ CD4+FOXP3-CD69+, ↓ CD4+FOXP3-CD25+ and similar CD4-CD69+ lymphocytes in spleen; ↑ parasite-specific IL-2 and similar IFN-g response by CD4+ T cells (in vitro); ↑ IFN-g and similar IL-2 response by CD4+ T cells after stimulation with anti-CD3 (in vitro); similar TNF-a, IFN-g and ↑ IL-10 production by unstimulated CD90- (Thy-1-) splenocytes and ↑ IFN-g prodyction by unstimulated CD4+ cells (in vitro); ↑ anemia	Cambos et al., 2008, Int J Parasitol	Link
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells	Plasmodium chabaudi adami DS	BALB/c	anti-CD25 (day -1 and +1)	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Increased on day 7	Earlier death (1 day); ↑ morbidity; ↓ CD4+FOXP3-CD25+ and similar CD4+FOXP3-CD69+ and CD4-CD69+ lymphocytes in spleen; ↑ parasite-specific IFN-g and similar IL-2 response by CD4+ T cells (in vitro); ↑ IFN-g and similar IL-2 response by CD4+ T cells after stimulation with anti-CD3 (in vitro); ↑ TNF-a, IFN-g and IL-10 production by unstimulated CD90- (Thy-1-) splenocytes and ↑ IFN-g production by unstimulated CD4+ cells (in vitro) ; ↑ anemia	Cambos et al., 2008, Int J Parasitol	Link
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells	Plasmodium yoelii 17XL	BALB/c	anti-CD25 (day -3, -1 and 5)	yes	no	N.I.	N.I.	Developed 2 waves of parasitemia and cleared infection	↑ proliferative response of splenocytes after stimulation with pRBC (in vitro)	Hisaeda et al., 2004, Nat Med	Link
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells	Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL	BALB/c	anti-CD25 (day -3, -1 and 5)	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	N.I.	Hisaeda et al., 2004, Nat Med	Link
CD4+CD25+T cells	Plasmodium berghei NK65	BALB/c	anti-CD25 (day -3, -1 and 5)	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed (1 day)	N.I.	Long et al., 2003, Int J Parasitol	Link

Rega Institute for Medical Research

Mouse treatment

Pages

a4 integrin chain
ab T cell
ABCA1
Apo-AI
Arachidonic acid
ASC
B cells
B cells/gd T cells
B cells/IFN-g
B/C2
b2 integrin (CD18)
Bcl-2
C1q
C3aR
C3aR/C5aR
C5
C5a
C5aR
C9
Caspase-1
Caspase-12
Caspase-12/caspase-1
Caspase-12/IFN-g
Caspase-12/IKK
caspases
Catecholamines
CCR2
CCR5
CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1)
CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1, CR3)
CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1, CR3)
CD11c/CD18 (CR4)
CD11d/CD18
CD134L
CD14
CD1d-restricted NKT cells
CD36
CD4
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells
CD4+CD25+T cells
CD4/CD8
CD4/CD8/B cells
CD40
CD40L
CD41/CD61 (gpIIb/IIIa)
CD54 (ICAM-1)
CD62L (L-selectin, LECAM-1)
CD62P (P-selectin)
CD8
CD8+ T cell/CD1d-restricted NKT cells
CD8+ T cell/CD1d-restricted NKT cells/IP-10
CD80
CD80/CD86
CD86
Class A type I and II macrophage scavenger receptors
COX-1/2
COX-2
CRP
CTLA-4
CTLA-4/CD4
CTLA-4/CD8
CTLA-4/IFN-g
CTLA-4/TNF
CXCL10 (IP-10)
CXCL12 (SDF-1a)
CXCL4 (PF-4)
CXCL9 (MIG)
CXCR3
CXCR4
Cystamine (CysH)
Cysteamine (CysH)
Cytidine deaminase AID (Aicda)/Ig heavy chain µ-secretory domein
EPO
Fas
FasL
FcgR
FcgRI
FcgRIIB
FcgRIIB/TLR7
Fibrinogen
Free radicals
G-CSF
G-CSF/IFN-g
G-CSF/TNF-a
gd T cells
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR)
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR)/TNF-a
GM-CSF
Histamine R1
Histamine R2
Histamine R3
Histamine R3/R1
Histamine R3/R2
Histamine R4
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC)
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC)/CD4
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC)/CD8
HMG-CoA reductase
HMGB1
HO-1
HO-1/CD8
HVEM
Hydrogen sulfide gas (HS)
IDO-1
Ifit1
IFN-a
IFN-a/IFN-g
IFN-b
IFN-g
IFN-g
IFN-g
IFN-g/CTLA-4
IFN-gR
IFN-gRa
IFNabR
IFNaR1
IFNaR1
IL-10
IL-10/CD25
IL-10/IFN-g
IL-10/TGF-b
IL-10/TNF-a
IL-12
IL-12/CD4
IL-12/chloroquine
IL-12/CTLA-4
IL-12/IFN-g
IL-12/IFN-g/TNF-a
IL-12/NK cells
IL-12/NOS2
IL-12/TNF-a
IL-12p40
IL-15
IL-17
IL-18
IL-18/CTLA-4
IL-1a
IL-1a/IFN-g
IL-1b
IL-1R
IL-2
IL-2/B cells
IL-2/gd T cell
IL-23p19
IL-27R
IL-27R/CD4
IL-27R/CD8
IL-27R/IFN-g
IL-27R/IFN-g/TNF-a
IL-27R/IL-10
IL-27R/TNF-a
IL-3
IL-3/GM-CSF
IL-4
IL-4/NK cells
IL-4/NOS2
IL-4Ra
IL-4Ra/NK cells
IL-4Ra/NOS2
IL-6
Immune cells
IRF-1
IRF-1/IL-12
IRF8
Irgm1
Isg15
Jak3
Kynurenine-3-hydroxylase
LAG-3
LIGHT
LMP7
LT
LTa
LTab
LTb
LTbR
LTbR/testosterone
Lymphocytes
Mannose receptors
meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)
MHC-II
MHC-II/CD4
MHC-II/IP-10
Microparticle (MP)
MMP-9
MMP/TACE
Monocyte/Macrophages
MyD88
NADPH oxidase
NADPH oxidase/B cells
NADPH oxidase/NOS2
NADPH oxidase/NOS2/XO
NADPH oxidase/XO
NADPH oxidase/XO/B cells
Neutrophils + eosinophils
NK cells
NK/NKT cells
NKT cell
Nlrc4
Nlrp3
Nod1Nod2
NOS2
NOS2/B cells
NOS2/XO
NOS2/XO/B cells
NOS3
P2X7R
PAFR
Pantethine
PARP-1
PD-L1
PD-L1/CD4
PD-L1/CD8
PD-L1/IFN-g
PD-L1/LAG-3
PD-L1/TNF
PD-L2
Perforin (PFP)
PGI2
Plasmacytoid DCs
Plasmin
Platelets
Scavenger receptors
sFLT1 (sVEGFR)
SOCS1
SOCS2
Stat1
T cells
T cells/CD8
Taurine
Testosterone
TGF-b
TGF-b/IL-10R
TGF-b1
TIRAP
Tissue PA (tPA)
TLR1
TLR2
TLR2/4
TLR2/4/9
TLR3
TLR4
TLR5
TLR6
TLR7
TLR9
TLR9/CD4
TLR9/IFN-g
TNF
TNF-a
TNF-a/ IFN-g
TNF-a/ LT-a
TNFR1
TNFR2
TRIF
uPA receptor (uPAR, CD87)
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)
Va14+ NKT cell

Plasmodium berghei (N.I.)
Plasmodium berghei ANKA
Plasmodium berghei K173
Plasmodium berghei NK65
Plasmodium berghei Pasteur
Plasmodium berghei tg for P. falciparum MSP19
Plasmodium berghei XAT
Plasmodium chabaudi
Plasmodium chabaudi (N.I.)
Plasmodium chabaudi adami 408XZ
Plasmodium chabaudi adami 556KA
Plasmodium chabaudi adami DK
Plasmodium chabaudi adami DS
Plasmodium chabaudi AS
Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi
Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi A/J
Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS
Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi CR
Plasmodium vinckei (N.I.)
Plasmodium vinckei petteri CR
Plasmodium vinckei vinckei
Plasmodium yoelii
Plasmodium yoelii 17NL
Plasmodium yoelii 17XL
Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL
Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL + Salmonella typhimurium
Plasmodium yoelii 265

rhG-CSF + anti-IFN-g
+ adoptive transfer of splenic CD8+ cells from C57BL/6 mice that had recieved irradiated pRBCs
+ adoptive transfer of splenic CD8+ cells from IFNaR1-/- mice that had recieved irradiated pRBCs
+ adoptive transfer of splenocytes depleted of CD8+ cells from C57BL/6 mice that had recieved irradiated pRBCs
+ adoptive transfer of total splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice that had recieved irradiated pRBCs
+ anti-HMGB1
+ anti-platelet (anti-GPIb) (day -1) + serum amyloid P (rSAP)
+ anti-platelet (anti-GPIb) or platelet inhibitor (Clopidogrel) (day -1)
+ anti-platelet (anti-GPIb) or platelet inhibitor (Clopidogrel) (day 1)
+ cystamine hydrochloride (prophylactic treatment)
+ cysteamine hydrochloride
+ cysteamine hydrochloride (prophylactic treatment)
+ cysteamine hydrochloride (therapeutic treatment)
+ cysteamine hydrochloride + a suboptimal dose of artesunate
+ cysteamine hydrochloride + a suboptimal dose of artesunate or dihydroartemisinin
+ DMSA (structural analogue of CysH, prophylactic treatment)
+ NaHS (fast-releasing donor of HS) or GYY4137 (slow-releasing donor of HS)
+ pantethine (structural analogue of CysH, prophylactic treatment)
12.5% DNA from A/J mice (including the C5 mutant gene) (= BcA76)
12.5% DNA from C57BL/6 mice (including the C5 WT gene) (= AcB55)
A -/- (↓MHC-II → ↓ CD4) + anti-CD4
A -/- (↓MHC-II → ↓ CD4) + anti-NK1.1
A -/- or Ii -/- (↓MHC-II → ↓ CD4)
A -/- or Ii -/- (↓MHC-II → ↓ CD4) + anti-CD4
ab TCR -/-
ABCA1 -/-
aD -/-
Adoptive transfer of immune CD4+ splenocytes
Adoptive transfer of immune CD8+ splenocytes
Adoptive transfer of immune T cells
Adoptive transfer of immune T cells + anti-CD4
Adoptive transfer of immune T cells + anti-CD8
adoptive transfer of in vivo activated WT splenocytes or CD8+ T cells (day 0)
Adoptive transfer of unfractionated immune splenocytes
Adoptive transfer of unfractionated immune splenocytes + anti-CD4
Adoptive transfer of unfractionated immune splenocytes + anti-CD8
adoptively transfered CD8 + T cells from PFP -/- mice
adoptively transfered CD8 + T cells from WT mice
Aicda -/- (mature B cells which produce IgM, but they cannot undergo isotype switching or secrete Abs)
anti-a4 integrin
anti-asialo GM1
anti-C5a
anti-C5aR
anti-C9
anti-CD11a
anti-CD11b
anti-CD134L (anti-OX89)
anti-CD14
anti-CD25 (day - 1 and day 1)
anti-CD25 (day -1 and +1)
anti-CD25 (day -1)
anti-CD25 (day -14)
anti-CD25 (day -2 and -6h)
anti-CD25 (day -3, -1 and 5)
anti-CD25 (day -30)
anti-CD25 (day 4)
anti-CD4
anti-CD4 (early treatment)
anti-CD4 (late treatment)
anti-CD4 + adoptive transfer of immune CD8+ and B+ splenocytes
anti-CD4 + adoptive transfer of immune CD8+ splenocytes
anti-CD4 and anti-CD8
anti-CD40L
anti-CD41 (early treatment)
anti-CD61 (early treatment)
anti-CD8
anti-CD8 (early treatment)
anti-CD8 (late treatment)
anti-CD80
anti-CD80 and anti-CD86
anti-CD86
anti-CTLA-4
anti-CTLA-4 (day 0)
anti-CTLA-4 + anti-CD4
anti-CTLA-4 + anti-CD8
anti-CTLA-4 + anti-IFN-g
anti-CTLA-4 + anti-TNF
anti-CXCL10 (d3-9)
anti-CXCL10 (d5-9)
anti-gd TCR
anti-gd TCR (early treatment)
anti-gd TCR (late treatment)
anti-GM-CSF
anti-Gr-1 (day - 1)
anti-Gr-1 (late treatment)
anti-hEpo
anti-HVEM
anti-ICAM-1
anti-IFN-g
anti-IL-10
anti-IL-10R
anti-IL-12
anti-IL-12p40
anti-IL-18
anti-IL-3
anti-IL-3 and anti-GM-CSF
anti-IL-4
anti-IL-6
anti-L-selectin
anti-LAG-3
anti-LTbR
anti-m-chain from birth
anti-m-chain from birth (no B cells)
anti-NK1.1
anti-P-selectin
anti-PD-L1
anti-PD-L1 + anti-CD4
anti-PD-L1 + anti-CD8
anti-PD-L1 + anti-IFN-g
anti-PD-L1 + anti-LAG-3
anti-PD-L1 + anti-TNF
anti-PD-L2
anti-pDC (120G8)
anti-platelet
anti-platelet (anti-GPIb) or platelet inhibitors (acetylsalisyllic acid (ASA) or Clopidogrel (day 1)
anti-TGF-b
anti-TGF-b + anti-IL-10R
anti-Thy-1
anti-TNF-a
anti-TNF-a (Mab)
anti-TNF-a (PAb)
anti-TNF-a + anti-IFN-g
antioxidans
Apo-AI -/-
aprotinin (serine protease inhibitor)
ASC -/-
AT x BM (no thymus: no mature T cells)
b TCR -/-
b TCR -/- + adoptive transfer of a mixture of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from WT or Nlrp3-/- mice
b2 microglobuline -/-
b2 microglobuline -/- + anti-IP-10
BALB/c-nu/nu
Beige mutation (bg/ bg) (defect in NK cell cytotoxicity)
Bg/bg + anti-IFN-g + anti-TNF-a
biliverdin
Broad-spectrum MMP/TACE inhibitor
C1qa -/-
C3aR -/-
C3aR -/- + C5aR -/-
C5 -/-
C5aR -/-
Casp1 -/-
Casp12 -/-
Casp12 -/- + anti-IFN-g
Casp12 -/- + IKK inhibitor
Casp12 -/- + selective caspase-1 inhibitor (YVAD)
caspase inhibitor (ZVAD-fmk)
Caspase-1 -/-
CCR2 -/-
CCR5 -/-
CD14 -/-
CD18 -/-
CD1d -/-
CD36 -/-
CD36 -/- chimeras
CD4 -/-
CD4+ splenic T cells from normal mice
CD4+ T cells from mice with CM (LN derived)
CD40 -/-
CD40L -/-
CD8 -/-
Chemical activation of macrophages (early treatment) (liposomal MDP-GDP)
Chemical activation of macrophages (late treatment) (liposomal MDP-GDP)
Chemical depletion of macrophages (silica)
Chemical depletion of macrophages from spleen and liver (early treatment) (lip-Cl2MDP)
Chemical depletion of macrophages from spleen and liver (late treatment) (lip-Cl2MDP)
CO gas
CO gas + heme
COX1/COX2 inhibitor (aspirin)
CR3 -/-
CR4 -/-
CRP-tg
CXCL10 -/-
CXCL9 -/-
CXCR3 -/-
CXCR4 antagonist
d -/- TCR
d-chain-/- (gd TCR-/-)
dexamethasone
dexamethasone (late treatment)
dexamethasone + rHu-TNF-a (↑ dose)
Fas -/- (lpr)
FasL -/- (gld)
FcgRIIB-/- (SLE-susceptible)
FcgRIIB-/-.yaa (SLE-susceptible), contains a duplication of TLR7
FcRg -/-
fibrinogen inhibitor
fish oil (structural analog of arachidonic acid)
free radical scavenger (BHA)
GM-CSF -/-
gp91phox -/- (no ROS)
H1R -/-
H1R inhibitor (levocetirizine)
H2-Bf/C2 -/-
H2R -/-
H2R inhibitor (cimetidine)
H3R -/-
H3R agonist
H3R inhibitor (imetit)
H4R inhibitor (JNJ7777120)
HDC -/-
heme
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statins)
Hmox-1 -/-
HO-1 -/- (Hmox1 -/-)
HO-1 -/- (Hmox1 -/-) + anti-CD8
HO-1 expressing adenovirus in liver
HO-1 inducer
HO-1 inhibitor
Hu-FcRI-tg + anti-PfMSP-1
IA-b -/- (↓MHC-II → ↓ CD4)
IA-b -/- (↓MHC-II → ↓ CD4) + anti-IP-10
ICAM-1-/-
IDO-1 -/-
Ifit1 -/-
IFN-g -/-
IFN-g -/- + anti-CTLA-4
IFN-gR -/-
IFN-gRa -/-
IFNabR -/-
IFNaR1 -/-
IL-10 -/-
IL-10 -/- + anti-CD25
IL-10 -/- + anti-IFN-g
IL-10-/- x IFN-gR-/-
IL-12 -/-
IL-12p40 -/-
IL-12p40 -/- + anti-CTLA-4
IL-12p40 -/- + rIL-12
IL-15 -/-
IL-17-/- (17KO)
IL-18 -/-
IL-18 -/- + anti-CTLA-4
IL-1R -/-
IL-2 -/-
IL-2 -/- x m-MT
IL-23p19-/- (P19KO)
IL-27R-/- (WSX-1 -/-)
IL-27R-/- (WSX-1 -/-) + anti-CD4
IL-27R-/- (WSX-1 -/-) + anti-CD8
IL-27R-/- (WSX-1 -/-) + anti-IFN-g
IL-27R-/- (WSX-1 -/-) + anti-IFN-g + anti-TNF-a
IL-27R-/- (WSX-1 -/-) + anti-TNF-a
IL-27R-/- (WSX-1 -/-) + rIL-10
IL-3 -/-
IL-4 -/-
IL-4 -/- + anti-asialo GM1
IL-4 -/- + NOS2 inhibitor
IL-4Ra -/-
IL-4Ra -/- + anti-asialo GM1
IL-4Ra -/- + NOS2 inhibitor
in vitro activated WT and CXCR3 -/- effector CD8+ T cells (day 5)
IRF-1 -/-
IRF-1 -/- + rIL-12
IRF8 +/- [BXH2 x B6]F1
IRF8 -/- (BXH2)
Irgm1 -/-
Isg15 -/-
Ja281 -/-
Jak3 -/-
JH-gene segment -/- (JHD -/-)
JHD-/- (no B cells) + anti-IFN-g
kynurenine-3-hydroxilase inhibitor (i.p. vs p.o.)
kynurenine-3-hydroxylase inhibitor
LFA1 -/-
LIGHT -/-
LMP7 -/-
LT -/-
LT-a -/-
LTa -/-
LTab -/-
LTb -/-
LTbR -/-
m-BCR -/- (m-MT)
m-BCR -/- (m-MT) + anti-gd TCR
m-MT x d -/- TCR
mannan
MHC-II -/-(↓ CD4)
MMP-9 -/-
MP formation inhibitor (pantethine)
MyD88 -/-
NKC complex BALB/c (B6.BALB/c-Cmv1s)
NKC complex C57BL/6 (BALB.B6-Cmv1r)
Nlrc4 -/-
Nlrp3 -/-
NO donor or + NO gas
no T/B cells
Nod1Nod2 -/-
non-selective COX-1/2 inhibitor (indomethacin)
NOS inhibitor
NOS2 -/-
NOS2 inhibitor
NOS3 -/-
Nude mice (nu/nu): no thymus thus no mature T cells
over-expression of bcl-2 in myeloid cells (hMRP8-Bcl-2 mice)
P-selectin -/-
P2X7R -/-
p47phox-/- (no ROI produced by the NADPH oxidase pathway)
p47phox-/- x NOS2-/-
PAFR -/-
PAFR selective antagonist (UK74,505)
PARP -/-
PF-4 -/-
PFP -/-
phenoxybenzamine (alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist)
RAG1-/-
RAG2 -/- (no mature T/B cells)
rhG-CSF
rhG-CSF + anti-TNF-a
rHu-IFN-a
rHu-IFN-a + anti- IFN-g
rHu-TNF-a
rHu-TNF-a (↑ dose)
rHu-TNF-a (↓ dose)
rHu-TNF-a or rMu-TNF-a
rHuEpo
rHuTNF-a
rIFN-b
rIFN-g
rIL-10
rIL-12
rIL-12 + anti-asialo GM1
rIL-12 + anti-CD4
rIL-12 + anti-IFN-g
rIL-12 + anti-IFN-g + anti-TNF-a
rIL-12 + anti-TNF-a
rIL-12 + chloroquine
rIL-12 + NOS2 inhibitor
rIL-18
rIL-1a
rIL-1a + anti-IFN-g
rIL-1b
rIL-2
rIL-2 + anti -gd-T cell
rIL-6
rmEpo
rPF-4
rTGF-b
rTGF-b1 (oral)
Scavenger receptor blockage by Poly(I)
SCID (No T/B cells)
SDF-1a
selective COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib)
sFLT1-expressing adenovirusses
SOCS1 +/-
SOCS1 -/-
SOCS2 -/-
soluble ICAM-1
SR-AI/II -/-
Stat1 -/-
synthetic PGI2 analog
Taut -/-
testosterone
Tg + soluble TNFR1
TH1 cells from infected mice
TH1 cells from infected mice + NOS inhibitor
TH2 cells from infected mice
TH2 cells from infected mice + NOS inhibitor
Thymectomy + anti-CD4
Thymectomy + anti-CD4 (early treatment)
Thymectomy + anti-CD8
TIRAP -/-
TLR1 -/-
TLR2 -/-
TLR2/4 -/-
TLR2/4/9 -/-
TLR3 -/-
TLR4 -/-
TLR5 -/-
TLR6 -/-
TLR7 -/-
TLR7.tg (SLE-susceptible)
TLR9 -/-
TNF -/-
TNF-a -/-
TNF-a -/- x LT-a -/-
TNFR1 -/-
TNFR2 -/-
TNFR2 -/-bone marrow cells
tPA -/-
TRIF -/-
uPA -/-
uPAR -/-
WT bone marrow cells
xanthine oxidase inhibitor
µ-chain -/- (µ-MT )